Et nyt stort studie peger ikke på nogen fordel for mortaliteten ved at indtage multivitamin-tabletter hvis man er rask.
Nyt amerikansk kohortestudie har undersøgt sammenhængen mellem indtag af multivitaminer og mortaliteten. Studiet bidrager til hvorvidt multivitaminer kan anbefales, hvis man er helt rask. Her har tidligere studier ikke vist nogen fordel ved at indtage multivitaminer, faktisk har nogle studier vist ulemper forbundet med dette.
Man har tidligere anbefalet vitaminer efter betragtningen at det ikke kan skade, er man i de senere år blevet mere opmærksomme på de potentielle negative effekter. Her tænkes bl.a. på risikoen for overdosering af vitaminer, specielt de fedtopløselige vitaminer A, D, E og K.
Om studiet
Studiet omfattede hele 390.124 deltagere fra de tre prospektive kohortestudier National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial og Agricultural Health Study. Det primære outcome var all-cause mortalitet. Deltagerne blev fulgt i op til 27 år. Studiet viste at at multivitaminer ikke er associeret med en lavere mortalitet. Tværtimod fandt man en lidt forøget risiko (4%) ved 12 års follow-up, men denne øgede risiko var ikke statistisk signifikant ved 15 års follow-up.
Multivitamin Use and Mortality Risk in 3 Prospective US Cohorts
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association of MV use with mortality risk, accounting for confounding by healthy lifestyle and reverse causation whereby individuals in poor health initiate MV use.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study used data from 3 prospective cohort studies in the US, each with baseline MV use (assessed from 1993 to 2001), and follow-up MV use (assessed from 1998 to 2004), extended duration of follow-up up to 27 years, and extensive characterization of potential confounders. Participants were adults, without a history of cancer or other chronic diseases, who participated in National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study (327 732 participants); Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (42 732 participants); or Agricultural Health Study (19 660 participants). Data were analyzed from June 2022 to April 2024.
EXPOSURE: Self-reported MV use.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome was mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.
RESULTS: Among 390 124 participants (median [IQR] age, 61.5 [56.7-66.0] years; 216 202 [55.4%] male), 164 762 deaths occurred during follow-up; 159 692 participants (40.9%) were never smokers, and 157 319 participants (40.3%) were college educated. Among daily MV users, 49.3% and 42.0% were female and college educated, compared with 39.3% and 37.9% among nonusers, respectively. In contrast, 11.0% of daily users, compared with 13.0% of nonusers, were current smokers. MV use was not associated with lower all-cause mortality risk in the first (multivariable-adjusted HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07) or second (multivariable-adjusted HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.99-1.08) halves of follow-up. HRs were similar for major causes of death and time-varying analyses.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study of US adults, MV use was not associated with a mortality benefit. Still, many US adults report using MV to maintain or improve health.
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